Malware, yaani "malicious software," ek software ya program hota hai jo computer systems, networks, aur digital devices ko nuksan pahunchane ke liye design kiya gaya hota hai. Malware ka uddeshya typically unauthorized access gain karna, data churana, system ko damage karna, aur users ke liye nuksan pahunchana hota hai. Yeh cybercriminals, hackers, aur malicious entities dwaara create aur istemal kiya jata hai.
Kuch common types of malware hote hain:1. Viruses: Viruses ek computer program hote hain jo apne aap ko replicate karte hain aur dusre programs ya files mein jodte hain. Jab infected program run hota hai, to virus bhi activate hota hai. Virus ka uddeshya generally system ko nuksan pahunchana hota hai.
2. Worms: Worms viruses ki tarah replicate karte hain, lekin unka fark ye hota hai ki worms apne aap ko spread karne ke liye network ka istemal karte hain. Worms network se network transmit ho sakte hain aur fast propagation ke liye design kiye jate hain.
3. Trojans: Trojans disguise karte hain aur users ko dhoka dete hain. Ye seemingly legitimate software ya files ke roop mein aate hain, lekin jab execute kiye jate hain, to malicious activities perform karte hain.
4. Ransomware: Ransomware encrypts karta hai user ke files aur data ko, aur phir ek ransom (money) demand karta hai decrypt karne ke liye. Yeh user ke data ko lock kar deta hai, aur decryption key milne tak access deny karta hai.
5. Spyware: Spyware silently user ke activities aur information ko monitor karta hai, jaise keystrokes, browsing history, aur personal information. Iska uddeshya usually sensitive data ko churana hota hai.
6. Adware: Adware advertising display karta hai, lekin jab user ads ko click karta hai, to unke system mein unauthorized actions ho sakte hain, aur unwanted ads display hoti hain.
7. Botnets: Botnets ek collection hota hai compromised computers ka, jo ek central server ke control mein hote hain. Yeh botnets aksar malicious activities mein use hota hain, jaise distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks.
Malware ko detect aur remove karna bohot zaroori hai taki system aur data ko protect kiya ja sake. Iske liye antivirus software aur anti-malware tools ka istemal kiya jata hai. Additionally, safe browsing practices, regular software updates, aur strong passwords bhi malware se bachav ke liye mahatvapurn hote hain.
