Active Directory (AD) kya hai? Explained in simple Hindi

Active Directory (AD) Microsoft ka ek directory service hai jo networked environment me users, computers, and other resources ko manage aur organize karne ke liye use hota hai. Yeh service primarily Windows Server operating systems me available hoti hai aur enterprise-level networks me centralized management aur security provide karti hai.

• 1. Centralized Authentication and Authorization :
  - Active Directory ek centralized location provide karta hai jahan user credentials (username aur password) ko store kiya jata hai. Isse network ke saare resources me authentication aur authorization manage kiya jata hai.
• 2. Directory Services :
  - AD ek directory service provide karta hai jahan network resources, users, computers, printers, and other objects ko store kiya jata hai aur manage kiya jata hai.
• 3. Group Policies :
  - Active Directory Group Policies allow karta hai administrators ko policies define karne ke liye jo users aur computers pe enforce ki jati hain. Yeh policies security settings, software installation, aur other configurations ko manage karti hain.
• 4. Organizational Units (OUs) :
  - Active Directory me Organizational Units (OUs) create kiye ja sakte hain jo network objects ko logical aur hierarchical manner me organize karne me help karte hain.
• 5. Replication :
  - AD data replication ka mechanism use karta hai jisse directory information multiple domain controllers ke beech synchronize hoti hai. Yeh high availability aur fault tolerance ensure karta hai.
• 6. Scalability :
  - Active Directory scalable hota hai aur large enterprise environments me deploy kiya ja sakta hai jahan multiple domains aur forests ho sakte hain.

• 1. Domain :
  - Domain ek logical group hota hai jisme related objects (users, computers, etc.) ko manage kiya jata hai. Each domain has its own directory database.
• 2. Domain Controller :
  - Domain Controller ek server hota hai jo Active Directory service ko host karta hai aur domain ke objects ki authentication aur authorization ko manage karta hai.
• 3. Forest :
  - Forest ek collection hota hai multiple domains ka jo ek common schema aur global catalog share karte hain. Forests ke through different domains ko trust relationships establish kar sakte hain.
• 4. Tree :
  - Tree ek collection hota hai interconnected domains jo hierarchical structure me organized hote hain. Ek tree ek domain structure ko represent karta hai aur domain names hierarchy define karta hai.
• 5. Global Catalog :
  - Global Catalog ek special database hota hai jo network me available objects ki partial information ko store karta hai. Yeh search queries aur logon ke details ko quickly retrieve karne me help karta hai.
• 6. Schema :
  - Schema ek set hota hai rules aur definitions ka jo directory me objects aur attributes ko define karta hai. Yeh directory structure aur object types ko standardize karta hai.

• - User Management : Aap Active Directory me ek new user account create karte hain jo automatically network resources aur applications me access rights aur permissions ko assign kar deta hai.
• - Group Policies : Aap ek Group Policy create karte hain jo password complexity requirements ko enforce karta hai aur saare domain users pe apply hota hai.
• - Computer Management : Aap Active Directory me computers ko add karte hain aur unhe specific OUs me organize karte hain taaki administrative tasks aur policy enforcement easier ho.

Active Directory ek powerful directory service hai jo network management, user authentication, aur resource authorization ko centralized aur efficient manner me manage karta hai. Yeh enterprise environments me security, scalability, aur administrative control ko enhance karta hai. Active Directory ke features aur components network administration ko simplify karte hain aur organizations ko robust IT infrastructure manage karne me help karte hain.